Neutral monism
A neutral basis is neither intrinsically mental nor physical; mind and matter differ in how it is organized.
What it claims
Neutral monism proposes one fundamental kind of constituent that is neither intrinsically mental nor intrinsically physical. Mind and matter arise through its differing relations or organizations. James (1904) denies consciousness as a separate substance: an item of pure experience can function as a perceived object or a mental episode in different contexts.
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Key thinkers
Ernst Mach · William James · Bertrand Russell · Herbert Feigl